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Under the Whyte notation for the classification of steam locomotives by wheel arrangement, represents the arrangement of four leading wheels on two axles, usually in a leading bogie, four powered and coupled driving wheels on two axles, and no trailing wheels. Almost every major railroad that operated in North America in the first half of the 19th century owned and operated locomotives of this type. Due to the large number of the type that were produced and used in the United States, the is most commonly known as the American type, but the type subsequently became popular in the United Kingdom, where large numbers were produced.〔White, John H., Jr. (1968). ''A history of the American locomotive; its development: 1830-1880''. New York: Dover Publications, pp. 46-. ISBN 0-486-23818-0〕 Other equivalent classifications are: * UIC classification: 2′B (also known as German and Italian classifications) * French classification: 220 (also known as Spanish classification) * Turkish classification: 24 * Swiss classification: 2/4 * Russian classification: 2-2-0 ==Overview== The first use of the name ''American'' to describe locomotives of this wheel arrangement was made by ''Railroad Gazette'' in April 1872. Prior to that, this wheel arrangement was known as a ''standard'' or ''eight-wheeler''. This locomotive type was so successful on railroads in the United States of America (USA) that many earlier 4-2-0 and 2-4-0 locomotives were rebuilt as 4-4-0s by the middle of the 19th century.〔Kinert, Reed. (1962). ''Early American steam locomotives; 1st seven decades: 1830-1900''. Seattle, WA: Superior Publishing Company.〕 Several tank locomotives were built, but the vast majority of locomotives of this wheel arrangement were tender locomotives. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「4-4-0」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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